typo-fixed: removed to many "must" employed
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
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## Meson decay events generation
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A number of $N = 50000$ points on the unit sphere, each representing a
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particle detection event, must be generated according to then angular
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particle detection event, is to be generated according to then angular
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probability distribution function $F$:
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\begin{align*}
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F (\theta, \phi) = &\frac{3}{4 \pi} \Bigg[
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@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ a single point, the effect of this omission is negligible.
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## Parameters estimation
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The sample must now be used to estimate the parameters $\alpha$, $\beta$ and
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The sample is now used to estimate the parameters $\alpha$, $\beta$ and
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$\gamma$ of the angular distribution $F$. The correct set will be referred to
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as {$\alpha_0$, $\beta_0$, $\gamma_0$}.
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# Exercise 5
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The following integral must be evaluated comparing different Monte Carlo
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The following integral is to be evaluated comparing different Monte Carlo
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techniques.
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\begin{figure}
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@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ being implemented in the GSL libraries `gsl_monte_plain`, `gsl_monte_miser` and
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## Plain Monte Carlo
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When an integral $I$ over a $n-$dimensional space $\Omega$ of volume $V$ of a
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function $f$ must be evaluated, that is:
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function $f$ has to be evaluated, that is:
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$$
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I = \int\limits_{\Omega} dx \, f(x)
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\with V = \int\limits_{\Omega} dx
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@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ $$
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$$
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if an error of $\sim 1^{-n}$ is required, a number $\propto 10^{2n}$ of
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function calls must be executed, meaning that for $\sigma \sim 1^{-10}
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function calls should be executed, meaning that for $\sigma \sim 1^{-10}
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\rightarrow C = \SI{1e20}{}$, which would be impractical.
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@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ probability distribution $f$ itself, so that the points cluster in the regions
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that make the largest contribution to the integral.
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Remind that $I = V \cdot \langle f \rangle$ and therefore only $\langle f
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\rangle$ must be estimated. Consider a sample of $n$ points {$x_i$} generated
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\rangle$ is to be estimated. Consider a sample of $n$ points {$x_i$} generated
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according to a probability distribution function $P$ which gives thereby the
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following expected value:
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$$
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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## Generating points according to Fraunhöfer diffraction
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The diffraction of a plane wave thorough a round slit must be simulated by
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The diffraction of a plane wave through a round slit must be simulated by
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generating $N =$ 50'000 points according to the intensity distribution
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$I(\theta)$ on a screen at a great distance $L$ from the slit itself:
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@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ stored. This works for all lengths: when the length is even, the middle value
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is real. Thus, only $n$ real numbers are required to store the half-complex
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sequence (half for the real part and half for the imaginary).
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If the bin width is $\Delta \theta$, then the DFT domain ranges from $-1 / (2
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\Delta \theta)$ to $+1 / (2 \Delta \theta$). The GSL functions aforementioned
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\Delta \theta)$ to $+1 / (2 \Delta \theta$). The aforementioned GSL functions
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store the positive values from the beginning of the array up to the middle and
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the negative backwards from the end of the array (see @fig:reorder).
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@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ shown in [@fig:results1; @fig:results2; @fig:results3].
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## Unfolding with Richardson-Lucy
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The Richardson–Lucy (RL) deconvolution is an iterative procedure usually used
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The Richardson–Lucy (RL) deconvolution is an iterative procedure tipically used
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for recovering an image that has been blurred by a known point spread function.
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It is based on the fact that an ideal point source does not appear as a point
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@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ width of the original histogram, which is the one previously introduced in
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histogram deconvolved with the FFT method is in the middle and the one
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deconvolved with RL is located below.
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As can be seen, increasig the value of $\sigma$ implies a stronger smoothing of
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As can be seen, increasing the value of $\sigma$ implies a stronger smoothing of
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the curve. The FFT deconvolution process seems not to be affected by $\sigma$
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amplitude changes: it always gives the same outcome, which is exactly the
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original signal. In fact, the FFT is the analitical result of the deconvolution.
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@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ convolved is less smooth, it is less smooth too.
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The original signal is shown below for convenience.
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![Example of an intensity histogram.](images/fraun-original.pdf){#fig:original}
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![Example of an intensity histogram.](images/fraun-original.pdf)
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<div id="fig:results1">
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![Convolved signal.](images/fraun-conv-0.05.pdf){width=12cm}
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@ -1 +1,4 @@
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# Bibliography
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The usage and a brief description of the theory underneath all the GLS functions
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employed in this report were found in [@GSL].
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